Further Research

http://helpauckland.org.nz/get-info/statistics

Sexual abuse is one of the key social problems undermining the health and wellbeing of our population today. 

Approximately 1 in 5 New Zealand women experience a serious sexual assault. For some women, this happens more than once.

Young people are statistically at the highest risk of being sexually assaulted; the 16 – 24 year old age group is four times more likely to be sexually assaulted than any other age group.

Only about 10 out of 100 sexual abuse crimes are reported and 3 of those get to court. Sadly, only one of those is likely to get a conviction.

auckland.org.nz/get-info/myth-busting

Myths

Rape is Sex.

Rape is experienced by the victims as an act of violence, which can sometimes be life-threatening. Rape is about having power and control over someone; it is an attempt to hurt and humiliate.

She “asked” for it.

·       Clothes do not invite sexual assault.

·       Being out late at night alone does not invite sexual assault.

·       Being drunk or ‘out of it’ on drugs does not invite sexual assault.

·       Flirting with someone does not invite sexual assault.

·       Being in a relationship does not invite sexual assault.

·       Not fighting back does not invite sexual assault.

·       Nothing invites sexual assault.

·       Rape is the responsibility of the rapist alone.

It doesn’t happen often.

Unfortunately, sexual assaults are very common. In fact, it is estimated that 1 in 3 girls and 1 in 7 boys are sexually abused in some way before they reach adulthood. Most likely, someone you know has been affected by sexual assault, as rape is the most frequently committed violent crime in this country. Only about 10% ever get reported to the Police

http://rpe.co.nz/information/statistics/

In Aotearoa New Zealand, up to one in three girls will be subject to an unwanted sexual experience by the age of 16 years. The majority of those incidences would be considered serious, with over 70% involving genital contact¹.

For Maori girls and women the likelihood of sexual violence is nearly twice as high as the general population³. Pacific and migrant women are also at statistically greater risk of sexual violence⁴.

Repeat sexual violence is a serious issue, with over 25% of adults in victimisation surveys reporting more than one incident, and qualitative research finding that survivors with a history of repeat victimisation are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence and have high and complex needs. 

In opposition to widespread myths about stranger rape, it is estimated that 90% of sexual violence is committed by someone known to the victim/survivor⁷.

Media

Media reporting on issues of sexual violence is often under-informed and defends public myths and misconceptions about the dynamics of sexual violence. This misinformation affects society’s shared understanding of and attitudes to sexual violence, promoting false narratives and rape-supportive attitudes in society¹⁰.

Ranking

In the United Nations Report on the Status of Women published in 2011, Aotearoa New Zealand was ranked worst of all OECD countries in rates of sexual violence¹¹.

http://www.wellingtonhelp.org.nz/ ­­­– Current organisation in wellington helping to combat sexual violence

http://www.whoareyou.co.nz/ – Wellington city sexual violence prevention campaign

Group meeting

Today we brainstormed our ideas in order to decide which direction to take with our issue of Sexual Assault.

We brainstormed:


Types of Sexual Assault
Catcalling


Groping
Unwanted comments
Workplace harassment
Situational - when you can't get out of the situation (eg. bus stop, work, uni)
Rape - attacks, or domestic abuse


Why do people do this?


Because their friends do it
They think it's socially acceptable
For attention
They're trying to get with someone
"It's for a laugh"
"It's just a joke"
There are no repercussions or consequences
Sexism, misogyny, rape culture,
Lack of understanding


Who is involved?


Victims (males/females)
Offenders (unconsciously causing harm/purposely being a dick)
Bystanders (strangers, friends, bouncers)


Another possible category could be authorities eg. police, bouncers.


What do we want to achieve/What message do we want to show?


Victims: You are not alone. Educate. Empower. Safe environment. Ways to report - they have control!!


Bystanders: Intervene. Speak up. Take action.


Offenders: To be educated. Unblurred lines. Consequences.


Progress:
We are now all working on different parts of the dossier on a shared google document.

Research Continued

Of the sexual violence crimes not reported to police from 2005-2010, the victim gave the following reasons for not reporting:

• 20% feared retaliation
• 13% believed the police would not do anything to help
• 13% believed it was a personal matter
• 8% reported to a different official
• 8% believed it was not important enough to report
• 7% did not want to get the perpetrator in trouble
• 2% believed the police could not do anything to help
• 30% gave another reason, or did not cite one reason

https://www.rainn.org/statistics/criminal-justice-system

Top 10 reasons given

• Feeling young and powerless
• Shame
• Self-blame
• Desire to move on
• Belief that reporting wouldn’t do any good
• Not wanting to turn a family member in
• Effect on future relationships
• Afraid of further damage from attacker
• Afraid of the legal process
• Knew the person and didn’t want to destroy their life

This Ipsos Reid poll was conducted between Jan. 17 and Jan. 23, 2015. A sample of 2,150 Canadian women aged 18+ (including a sample of 645 who said they’d had an unwanted sexual encounter) was interviewed via the Ipsos I-Say online panel. The poll is accurate to within +/ – 2.4 percentage points, 19 times out of 20, had all Canadian women ages 18+ been surveyed, and within +/- 4.4 percentage points had all women who had been involved in an unwanted sexual encounter been surveyed.

http://globalnews.ca/news/1845136/why-dont-women-report-rape-because-most-get-no-justice-when-they-do/

Research

How come victims of sexual assault don't report to the police?

“The silence and inhibition of those who know, and victim blaming attitudes, contribute to create a climate of tolerance that reduces inhibitions against violence, makes it more difficult for women to come forward, and promotes social passivity”

“The reasons so many cases go unreported are both personal (embarrassment, fear of retaliation, economic dependency) and societal (imbalanced power relations for men and women in society, privacy of the family, victim blaming attitudes).”

http://jech.bmj.com/content/58/7/536.full

“No other crime victim is looked upon with the degree of blameworthiness, suspicion, and doubt as a rape victim. Victim blaming is unfortunately common and is one of the most significant barriers to justice and offender accountability. Victim blaming can be expressed in several themes: victim masochism (e.g., she enjoyed it or wanted it), victim precipitation (e.g., she asked for it or brought it on herself), or victim fabrication (e.g., she lied or exaggerated)”

"The closer the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator, the less likely the victim was to report the crime to the police."

“Most rape victims delay reporting their victimization to law enforcement or never report at all. Victims of sexual assaults respond in various ways, including the manner in which they report incidents, if at all. Many victims choose not to report their victimization because they believe that it is a private or personal matter, fear the defendant, or believe the police are biased against them. Some victims may be embarrassed or distrust law enforcement or the court process. The same reasons cause many victims who do file police reports to do so after some time has passed.”

http://www.aequitasresource.org/EducatingJuriesInSexualAssaultCasesPart1.pdf

“[Victims] may fear skepticism and abuse from police, prosecutors, or juries; they may not want to go through the ordeal of a long trial; they may fear retaliation from their assailant, who will most likely not end up prosecuted, let alone convicted; and they may be hesitant to send their assailants to prison.”

https://rewire.news/article/2016/01/08/victims-rape-sexual-assault-failed-criminal-justice-system-increasingly-seek-civil-remedies/

Week 4

Wednesday's class: 

This session we completed a low risk ethics questionnaire. Unfortunately due to the sensitive nature of our chosen topic, we will not be conducting any primary research for this paper. One stand out in particular was Risk of Harm - use of questionnaire or interview, whether or not it is anonymous, which might reasonably be expected to cause discomfort, embarrassment, or psychological or spiritual harm to the participants. 




As a group we planned out our next team meetings, and decided to focus on gathering information from our secondary resources for the next few days. We will conduct a S.L.I.P on Saturday and discuss in order to decide exactly which direction we want to take for our project. 

1. Background research: introduction, context, initial findings

2. Issues: from a preliminary process perspective

3. Thought leadership: your take, your insights

4. The response:  the opportunity, objectives & strategy

5. Scope: design taster, description of each, design collateral

6. Budget: choices that reflect clients position

7. Flowchart/Timeline: the when and how, the process, sequencing

8. Team members: who you are as a team

As a team, we are near stage 3/4 where we are defining our take on the brief, and moving into the response stage. 

Secondary Research

Antisocial Behaviour:

“Anti-social behaviour impacts adversely on people's quality of life, directly by causing fear, alarm and distress to victims and witnesses”

Tackling Anti-social behaviour, House of Commons committee of public accounts 2006-7, http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmpubacc/246/246.pdf

“People act in alignment with what they value and how they see themselves. Encouraging them to change their behaviour in ways that don’t fit their values and identity simply doesn’t work. However, showing how a preferred behaviour allows individuals to express what’s important to them more effectively than what they’re already doing is way more likely to succeed.”

http://www.innovatechange.co.nz/news/2015/6/15/insights-on-behaviour-change

Sexual Assault:

“In opposition to widespread myths about stranger rape, it is estimated that 90% of sexual violence is committed by someone known to the victim/survivor”

"Sexual violence affects every aspect of victims' lives, including their social, health, economic and interpersonal well-being," the submission said. "The experience can lead to other health and social problems, including smoking, drug and alcohol overuse, relationship breakdowns, truancy, teenage pregnancy, the inability to parent well and suicidality. "

Barriers to sexual violence social services. (2014). Kai Tiaki Nursing New Zealand, 20(4), 32.

“Gender-based violence continues to thrive because the patriarchal, colonising attitudes that dwell here in Aotearoa/New Zealand – our place – have not gone. ”

“Up to one in three women in Aotearoa/New Zealand will experience violence. We will be raped, coerced, confused, manipulated, beaten, threatened, denigrated, financially deprived, shamed and terrified. Our children and our pets will be used as weapons of control against us. Our private realities will not match the public perception of us as ‘vulnerable victims’ or ‘brave survivors’ of violence. Our resistance to this violence will be hidden, diminished, unacknowledged and ignored. When we finally get up the courage, we will leave this violence to sit uncomfortably within a society which ignores, minimises, and excuses what has happened to us. We will rarely have the chance to represent our stories because experts, agencies and spokespeople will speak on our behalf. We will be seen as too ashamed, vulnerable or damaged to speak for ourselves. This is our reality”

MCINTYRE, K. (2015). Painting indignity / painting in dignity: Art-making in response to gender-based violence. Women's Studies Journal, 29(2), 60-69.

http://ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=anh&AN=112222180&site=eds-live&scope=site

https://www.rainn.org/statistics/perpetrators-sexual-violence

"Rape Culture is an environment in which rape is prevalent and in which sexual violence against women is normalized and excused in the media and popular culture.  Rape culture is perpetuated through the use of misogynistic language, the objectification of women’s bodies, and the glamorization of sexual violence, thereby creating a society that disregards women’s rights and safety.

Rape Culture affects every woman.  The rape of one woman is a degradation, terror, and limitation to all women. Most women and girls limit their behavior because of the existence of rape. Most women and girls live in fear of rape. Men, in general, do not. That’s how rape functions as a powerful means by which the whole female population is held in a subordinate position to the whole male population, even though many men don’t rape, and many women are never victims of rape.  This cycle of fear is the legacy of Rape Culture."

http://www.marshall.edu/wcenter/sexual-assault/rape-culture/

How can men and women combat Rape Culture?

Avoid using language that objectifies or degrades women

Speak out if you hear someone else making an offensive joke or trivializing rape

If a friend says she has been raped, take her seriously and be supportive

Think critically about the media’s messages about women, men, relationships, and violence

Be respectful of others’ physical space even in casual situations

Always communicate with sexual partners and do not assume consent

Define your own manhood or womanhood.  Do not let stereotypes shape your actions.

Get involved! Join a student or community group working to end violence against women.

Week 3

This week we met as a group to discuss which direction we wanted to take with our project.
We made a list of issues to do with anti-social behaviour that we think are worth researching and exploring further.

As a group we decided to look into two areas: sexual assault, and young people's relationships (or lack of) with the police. 

We brainstormed together about how to collect information on our chosen areas of focus, using both Primary and Secondary resources for our research. 

We set up a game plan for what we wanted to get done before next week. We will each aim to do research on both areas of focus, and meet up on Monday 11am with at least 1 interesting insight on both topics. This week we're also aiming to each talk to at least 1 person about anti-social behaviour, sexual assault, and their views on the police in order to gain insight into the issues. 

Week 2

Our group members are: 

Raph Roake - Client Liason 
Amo Chase
Sarah-Louise Crawford
Yi-Lin Lau 

Our Objective: 

To influence young people to recognise the short and long term consequences of behaviour to ensure they are safe and responsible in the city. We want young people to reflect a set of values which strengthen the city’s special character and have a positive influence on the city.

How can design assist to encourage young people (18-24years-ish) to recognise the short and long term consequences of their actions to ensure they are safe and responsible in the city? 

Our Questions for the Client: 

As a group we were confused in our first lesson about what our client wants. In order to understand what our client wants, we need a more in depth explanation from them about their objective and proposal question, before we can start on our project. 

What do you mean by "actions?"

What are some examples of short/long term consequences?

Why only 18-24 and would you consider focusing on 18- or 24+ ?

What solutions have you tried in the past?

Where in the city do you find this happening the most?

What did past students do that worked/did not work? 

Collaboration Agreement

Collaboration Agreement:

1. How do we recognise and harness different learning styles?

                  Will become apparent

6. How collective/independent should we be?

                  Mostly collectively. 

7. How will we set goals and track our progress?

                  Week by week 

8. How much time do we expect to give to the project?

                  Depends on weekly tasks

9. Do we expect equal contribution?

                  YES

10. When and how often will the team meet?

                  Weekly meetings, 11am Monday

11. How often will be communicating outside class times?

                  Weekly meetings, facebook chat and facebook group

12. How will decisions be made?

                  Democratically, as a group. 

13.  How will be handle disagreements?

                  Feel it out, discuss. 

14. How will we give/receive critique?

                  Don't be a dick. Have empathy

15. How will we evaluate contribution of individuals?

                  Assign tasks. No passive aggression. 

16. How will we engage with other teams?

                  Through facebook and class time. 

17. How much money do we expect to give to the project?

                  We'll work it out. Not excessive. 

18. Do we expect equal contributions?

                  Yes

19. How will any expenditure be managed?

                  Keep reciepts.